ERC-20 is a technical standard used for creating and implementing fungible tokens on the Ethereum blockchain. It defines a set of rules and functions that a token must follow to be considered ERC-20 compliant. This ensures interoperability and seamless integration within the Ethereum ecosystem.
ERC-20 tokens are characterized by their fungibility. This means each token is identical and interchangeable with another of the same type and value. Fungibility makes ERC-20 tokens suitable for use as currencies, utility tokens, or governance tokens.
Additionally, ERC-20 tokens are highly interoperable. They are supported across various wallets, exchanges, and decentralized applications (dApps). The standard also includes defined functionality, such as transferring tokens, checking balances, and approving third-party spending. These features ensure consistency across all ERC-20 tokens.
The ERC-20 standard includes six mandatory functions. These functions ensure a standardized interface for tokens:
totalSupply
: Returns the total number of tokens created.balanceOf
: Shows the balance of tokens held by an address.transfer
: Allows direct token transfers between addresses.approve
: Grants permission to a third party to spend tokens on behalf of the owner.allowance
: Displays the number of tokens a spender is allowed to use from an owner's account.transferFrom
: Enables transfers via an approved third party.These functions facilitate easy integration with wallets and platforms. This enhances the token's utility and accessibility.
ERC-20 tokens are versatile and widely used across various applications:
Advantages:
Disadvantages:
Creating an ERC-20 token involves deploying a smart contract with the six essential functions: totalSupply
, balanceOf
, transfer
, transferFrom
, approve
, and allowance
. Additional functions like name
, symbol
, and decimals
can enhance the token's functionality.
Transaction fees for ERC-20 tokens are paid in Ether (ETH). These fees depend on the gas price and network demand. Higher fees can ensure faster transaction processing. Lower fees may result in longer wait times.
While ERC-20 is the standard for tokens on the Ethereum blockchain, other standards like BEP-2 and BEP-20 exist within the Binance ecosystem. BEP-2 is used on the Binance Chain. BEP-20 is compatible with both the Binance Smart Chain and Ethereum. This enables cross-chain functionality. These standards are similar to ERC-20 but tailored to their respective blockchains.
Proposed by Fabian Vogelsteller in 2015, ERC-20 addressed the need for a standard interface for tokens on the Ethereum blockchain. Its adoption simplified the creation and interoperability of tokens.
This led to a surge in Initial Coin Offerings (ICOs) and the proliferation of over 350,000 ERC-20 tokens. The standard has been pivotal in the growth of the Ethereum ecosystem. It has enabled a wide range of applications and fostered innovation within the blockchain space.
The ERC-20 standard is expected to continue playing a crucial role in the expansion of the Ethereum ecosystem. As blockchain technology evolves, ERC-20 will likely adapt to incorporate new features and improvements.
This will maintain its relevance and utility for developers and users alike. Its established framework ensures ongoing compatibility and support for new and existing applications.
ERC-20 tokens can be stored in nearly any cryptocurrency wallet that supports Ethereum tokens. It's essential to secure your tokens by safeguarding your private keys or seed phrases.
These are typically 12 to 24 words long. Losing these keys can result in permanent loss of access to your tokens. Additionally, ERC-20 tokens cannot be mined. They are distributed through smart contracts, usually via ICOs or other token distribution methods.
One significant issue with ERC-20 tokens is the potential for tokens to be permanently lost if sent to smart contracts not designed to handle them. The lack of a notification mechanism in the ERC-20 standard means that tokens sent to incompatible contracts cannot be retrieved. This has led to the development of alternative standards like ERC-223. ERC-223 aims to address these limitations by incorporating token reception handling.
This glossary entry on ERC-20 provides a comprehensive overview of the standard, its functionalities, use cases, advantages, and challenges. By adhering to the ERC-20 standard, developers can create interoperable and widely compatible tokens that contribute to the robust ecosystem of the Ethereum blockchain.
totalSupply
, balanceOf
, transfer
, approve
, allowance
, and transferFrom
. These facilitate consistent interactions with the tokens.